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WordPress xml-rpc Error

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I ran into several problems related to WordPress xml-rpc, so I am collecting them here.

At the moment this blog is running on WordPress 3.5.1 + Ubuntu 12.10 64bit + Nginx + Varnish, and I was unable to install plugins and apps that require xml-rpc.

Specifically, when logging in from the Android WordPress app, I got the following error.

Connection Error org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException: unexpected type (position:END_DOCUMENT null@1:1 in java.io.InputStreamReader@********)

When connecting the Jetpack plugin to a WordPress.com account, I got this error.

Your Jetpack has a glitch. Something went wrong that’s never supposed to happen. Guess you’re just lucky: xml_rpc-32700 Error Details: The Jetpack server could not communicate with your site's XML-RPC URL. Please check to make sure http://daisukekobayashi.com/blog/xmlrpc.php is working properly. It should show 'XML-RPC server accepts POST requests only.' on a line by itself when viewed in a browser and should not have any blank links or extra output anywhere.

The cause seemed to be Varnish. I followed the instructions on this page, stopped Varnish once, and then retried. After that, the installation succeeded.